## Use latex in plot labels
library(latex2exp)  #  install.packages("latex2exp")
plot(x, xlim=c(0, 4), ylim=c(0, 10),
     xlab='x', ylab=TeX('$\\alpha  x^\\alpha$, where $\\alpha \\in 1\\ldots 5$'),
     type='n', main=TeX('Using $\\LaTeX$ for plotting in base graphics!'))



## Color fill 
dens <- density(mtcars$mpg)
plot(dens, frame=F, main = "Density plot of mpg")
polygon(dens, col = "steelblue")




### -----------------------------------
### Power analysis with color fill pdf
plottwo <- function(n,mu,sigma=10){
  layout(matrix(1:2, 2, 1))
  muA =sqrt(n)*(mu-5)/sigma
  
  t=seq(-6,6,.1)
  t2=seq(1.64,6,.1)
  plot(t, dnorm(t,0,1), frame=F, type='l', lwd=2, xlim=c(-5,5), 
       xlab="", ylab="", main=TeX('$H_0:$ $\\mu = 5$'))
  polygon(c(1.64,t2), c(0,dnorm(t2,0,1)), col = "red")
  abline(h=0, v=1.64)
  text(2.5, .1, TeX('$\\alpha = .05$'))
  
  
  plot(t, dnorm(t,muA,1), frame=F, type='l', lwd=2, xlim=c(-5,5),
       xlab="", ylab="", main=TeX('$H_0:$ $\\mu > 5$'))
  polygon(c(1.64,t2), c(0,dnorm(t2,muA,1)), col = "steelblue")
  abline(h=0, v=1.64)
  text(3, .2, TeX('$Power = $'))
  text(3.5, .15, paste(round(1-pnorm(1.64, muA, 1),3)))
  text(-3,  .4,  TeX('$\\mu = $'))
  text(-2.5,.4,  paste(mu))
  text(-3,  .35,  TeX('$n = $'))
  text(-2.5,.35, paste(n)) 
}
plottwo(n=100, mu=8)




#---------------------------------------
# Raw Flip coin Hypothesis testing with colored hist
itt=1000
n=50
X0 <- rbinom(itt, n, .5)
X1 <- rbinom(itt, n, .6)


layout(matrix(1:2, 2, 1))

htgm0 <- hist( X0, breaks=seq(0,n,1), plot=FALSE)
htgm0$counts <- dbinom(htgm0$breaks, n, .5)

red0.ix = (htgm0$breaks>=30)
plot(htgm0, col=ifelse(red0.ix, "red", "gray80"), xlim=c(0,n),
     xlab="Number of Heads", ylab="", main=paste("n=50: If p=.5") )
text(30+5, .02, paste(round(sum(htgm0$counts[red0.ix]), 3)))



htgm1 <- hist( X1, breaks=seq(0,n,1), plot=FALSE)
htgm1$counts <- dbinom(htgm1$breaks, n, .6)

red1.ix = (htgm1$breaks>=30)
plot(htgm1, col=ifelse(red1.ix, "red", "gray80"), xlim=c(0,n),
     xlab="Number of Heads", ylab="", main=paste("If p=.6") )
text(30+10, 0.02, paste(round(sum(htgm1$counts[red1.ix]), 3)))
sum(htgm1$counts[red1.ix])

cat( sprintf("Perc. of days with pos. profit %s", mean(Av.X>0)))





###--- pdf with colored section (ggplot2)
library(tidyverse)
b=3
theta=2

t=seq(0,10,.01)
dframe <- tibble(t=t, f=dexp(t, 1/theta))

ggplot(dframe, aes(x=t, y=f)) +
    geom_line(lwd=1.3) +
    geom_area(aes(x=ifelse(5<t&t<7, t, 0)), alpha=1, fill="orangered") +
    xlim(0, 10) + ylim(0, .7) +
    annotate("text", x=5, y=0.2, label="Some text")

# oragered
# lightseagreen
# limegreen
# list of pre-dfined color names
# http://sape.inf.usi.ch/quick-reference/ggplot2/colour




###--- Geom_area (Area plot automatically stacks up)
# http://www.sthda.com/english/wiki/ggplot2-area-plot-quick-start-guide-r-software-and-data-visualization

library(tidyverse)
t=seq(0,b,.01)
t2=seq(b,10,.01)
dframe <- bind_rows(tibble(t=t, f=dexp(t, 1/theta),  A=1),
                     tibble(t=t2,f=dexp(t2, 1/theta), A=2))
dframe %>% mutate(A=as.factor(A))

ggplot(dframe, aes(x=t, y=f)) +
    geom_area(aes(fill=as.factor(A)), lwd=1.5, alpha=1) +
    geom_vline(xintercept = b, lwd=1) +
    theme(legend.position="left")    # "top" "none" "right" "left" "bottom"



###--- Bar Plot vs Area Plot
data("diamonds")
head(diamonds)

#- Bar plot
ggplot(diamonds, aes(x=price, fill=cut)) +
     geom_bar(stat="bin")

#- Area plot
ggplot(diamonds, aes(x=price, fill=cut)) +
  geom_area(stat="bin") +
  scale_fill_brewer(palette="Dark2")